Your body processes caffeine very slowly until delivery, and the metabolism gets better after the child is born. Pregnancy - During the third trimester, the enzyme that helps in caffeine metabolism reduces, increasing the half-life of caffeine. Some smokers have almost two times caffeine metabolism rates than non-smokers. Smokers have very high caffeine metabolism rates and can usually handle high amounts of caffeine easily. Smoking - Smoking clears caffeine from the body very quickly. Grapefruit decreases caffeine clearance by about 23%īroccoli increases caffeine clearance in the plasmaįruits and vegetables rich in flavonoid affects caffeine metabolism rates Eating such food before you consume caffeine can make changes in caffeine metabolism. Leaner individuals can increase their calories burnt by 30% when compared to overweight individuals (increase calories burnt by 10%) when they consume caffeine.ĭiet - Few types of foods increase or decrease caffeine clearance in the body. Weight - Caffeine metabolism also depends on body weight. The more severe your liver disease is the lower the caffeine metabolism rate. People with liver diseases like liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C have lowered plasma clearance rates of caffeine. Liver diseases - Many studies relate liver diseases to lowered caffeine metabolism. Non-genetic Factors Affecting Caffeine Metabolism They may be prone to the side-effects of caffeine consumption. ![]() The CT and the TT genotype individuals are slow metabolizers. Those with the CC genotype metabolize caffeine very rapidly and may not be affected by the negative effects of caffeine consumption. Rs11854147 of CYP1A2 Gene and Caffeine MetabolismĪnother SNP that causes an increase/decrease in caffeine metabolism is the rs11854147. They experience the unpleasant side effects of caffeine consumption, and their bodies process caffeine very slowly. Individuals with the AA genotype process caffeine quickly and may not experience the negative side-effects of caffeine consumption.īoth the AC genotype and the CC genotype individuals are slow metabolizers. The AA genotype of this SNP is associated with faster metabolism of caffeine. The rs762551 SNP is the most discussed variation in the CYP1A2 gene. Rs762551 of CYP1A2 Gene and Caffeine Metabolism There are a few types of variations in this gene that affects how your body responds to caffeine. This enzyme plays an important role in caffeine metabolism. This is responsible for breaking down drugs, hormones, and other chemicals in the body to help retain essential parts and eliminate waste. The CYP1A2 gene produces the CYP1A2 enzyme. How Does Genetics Influence Caffeine Metabolism CYP1A2 gene ![]() People develop a better tolerance for caffeine when they consume it regularly.Īpart from developed tolerance, other factors like genetics, age, lifestyle, and diet also affect the rate of metabolism of caffeine. This prevents adenosine from acting and keeps people active and fatigue-less. Caffeine attaches itself to the adenosine receptors. Adenosine receptors usually absorb adenosine. Adenosine helps the brain relax and sleep. The structure of caffeine is similar to that of adenosine. The half-life can increase or decrease depending on both genetic and non-genetic factors.Ĭaffeine easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. The half-life of caffeine is about 4 hours. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for caffeine to be reduced to half its initial levels. The liver breaks down caffeine with the help of certain enzymes. The peak levels of caffeine in the plasma are reached in just 30 minutes. It takes just a few minutes for the caffeine to be fully absorbed by the human body. The tissues that line your blood vessels, skin, and organs let caffeine pass through quite easily. When you consume caffeine, it enters the bloodstream through your mouth, throat, and stomach. Caffeine Metabolism At Its Molecular Level - Getting Technical Metabolism is the process of converting the food you eat into energy. The difference lies in how your body metabolizes caffeine. While some individuals feel active, happy, and energetic after consuming caffeine, others feel anxious, uncomfortable, and stressed. This is why you feel ‘happy/good’ when you drink a cup of coffee or tea. Psychostimulants are substances that alter the mood and behavior of a person.Ĭaffeine is majorly present in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolates.Ĭaffeine produces a small rise in dopamine levels in the brain. Caffeine is one of the most popular psychostimulants legally consumed.
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